2022/10/05 Updated by

Docker

Compose: 複数のコンテナをまとめて起動する

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2つのコンテナが通信する WordPress の例

  1. Docker ネットワークを作成する。
    2. ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker network create wordpressnet
efff9f7cc3a08cbdd871e1f10d6a0f25515ba1d39c79077e8f7900fb0029e596
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME           DRIVER    SCOPE
d1a42256454b   bridge         bridge    local
7334f900df0e   host           host      local
fa6aae724b3d   none           null      local
efff9f7cc3a0   wordpressnet   bridge    local
  2. ボリュームを作成する。
    3. ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker volume create wordpress_db_volume
wordpress_db_volume
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     mysqlvolume
local     wordpress_db_volume
  3. MySQL コンテナを起動する
    4. [想定している設定]
    コンテナ名    wordpress_db
[環境変数とここでの値]
    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD    myrootpassword     
    MYSQL_DATABASE         wordpressdb
    MYSQL_USER             wordpressuser
    MYSQL_PASSWORD         wordpresspass

    ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker run --name wordpress_db -dit -v wordpress_db_volume:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=myrootpassword -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpressdb -e MYSQL_USER=wordpressuser -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpresspass --net wordpressnet mysql:5.7
be559cba742615cb79e0d06a9c0a33158d53c8b6b35f18c0c202f167e68bd211
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                 NAMES
be559cba7426   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   wordpress_db
  4. WordPress コンテナを起動する
    5. [環境変数]
    WORDPRESS_DB_HOST        wordpress_db
    WORDPRESS_DB_NAME        wordpressdb
    WORDPRESS_DB_USER        wordpressuser
    WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD    wordpresspass

    ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker run --name wordpress_db -dit -v wordpress_db_volume:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=myrootpassword -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpressdb -e MYSQL_USER=wordpressuser -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpresspass --net wordpressnet mysql:5.7
be559cba742615cb79e0d06a9c0a33158d53c8b6b35f18c0c202f167e68bd211
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                 NAMES
be559cba7426   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   wordpress_db
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker run --name wordpress_app -dit -p 8080:80 -e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=wordpress_db -e WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=word
pressdb -e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=wordpressuser -e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=wordpresspass --net wordpressnet wordpress
ebf1185f0ae11d9075e63598cce5397c400c41a9b6fdcb49b35cec6af1be73d5
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
ebf1185f0ae1   wordpress   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   13 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   wordpress_app
be559cba7426   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 minutes ago    Up 6 minutes    3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                     wordpress_db
  5. 手元のPCのブラウザで http://DockerホストのIPアドレス:8080/ にアクセスする。
    6. http://35.76.124.169:8080/












  6. 後始末。
    7. ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker stop wordpress_db wordpress_app
wordpress_db
wordpress_app
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker rm wordpress_db wordpress_app
wordpress_db
wordpress_app
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker network rm wordpressnet
wordpressnet
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ docker volume rm wordpress_db_volume
wordpress_db_volume

Docker Compose

あらかじめコンテナの起動方法やボリューム、ネットワークの構成などを記述した定義ファイル (デフォルトでは docker-compose.yml) を用意しておいて、その定義ファイルからまとめて実行するのが Docker Compose である。

Docker Compose のインストール

  1. python をインストールする。
    2.   $ sudo apt install -y python3 python3-pip
  2. Docker Compose をインストールする。
    3.   $ sudo pip3 install docker-compose
    [エラーが起きた] 
      Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "", line 1, in 
      File "/tmp/pip-build-y54pjucb/cryptography/setup.py", line 17, in 
        from setuptools_rust import RustExtension
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'setuptools_rust'

            =============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE==========================
            If you are seeing an error here please try the following to
            successfully install cryptography:

            Upgrade to the latest pip and try again. This will fix errors for most
            users. See: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip
            =============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE==========================


    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-y54pjucb/cryptography/
  3. pipをアップグレードする。
    4.   $ sudo python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
  4. pipを使ってインストールする。エラーも出ず、うまくいった。
    5.   $ sudo pip install docker-compose
  5. Docker Compose がインストールされたことを確認する。
    6.   $ docker-compose --version
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/paramiko/transport.py:33: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
docker-compose version 1.29.2, build unknown

Docker Compose を使った例

  1. 作業用ディレクトリと docker-compose.yml の準備
    2. ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ mkdir wordpress
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~$ cd wordpress
  2. ~/wordpress/docker-compose.yml を作る
    3. wordpress/docker-compose.yml
    version: "3"

services:
  wordpress_db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    networks:
      - wordpressnet
    volumes:
      - wordpress_db_volume:/var/lib/mysql
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: myrootpassword
      MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpressdb
      MYSQL_USER: wordpressuser
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpresspass

  wordpress_app:
    depends_on:
      - wordpress_db
    image: wordpress
    networks:
      - wordpressnet
    ports:
      - 8080:80
    restart: always
    environment:
      WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: wordpress_db
      WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpressdb
      WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpressuser
      WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wordpresspass

networks:
  wordpressnet:

volumes:
  wordpress_db_volume:
  3. Docker Compose でコンテナを起動する。
    4.   $ cd ~/wordpress
  $ docker-compose up -d
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/paramiko/transport.py:33: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
Creating network "wordpress_wordpressnet" with the default driver
Creating volume "wordpress_wordpress_db_volume" with default driver
Creating wordpress_wordpress_db_1 ... done
Creating wordpress_wordpress_app_1 ... done
  4. コンテナが起動されたことを確認する。
    5.   $ docker-compose ps
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/paramiko/transport.py:33: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
          Name                         Command               State                  Ports
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
wordpress_wordpress_app_1   docker-entrypoint.sh apach ...   Up      0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp,:::8080->80/tcp
wordpress_wordpress_db_1    docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      3306/tcp, 33060/tcp
  5. docker コマンドで状況を確認する。
    6. ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~/wordpress$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
143b1bc9558b   wordpress   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   wordpress_wordpress_app_1
00719e2e791d   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                     wordpress_wordpress_db_1
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~/wordpress$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME                     DRIVER    SCOPE
d1a42256454b   bridge                   bridge    local
7334f900df0e   host                     host      local
fa6aae724b3d   none                     null      local
25e9376c0a99   wordpress_wordpressnet   bridge    local
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~/wordpress$ docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     57d578464741e0e819fc1f931e8154e5685a3efc5c5b1f1aac388889b317c709
local     563b940b7864e020fab60d6a40858a03dcb2fa3c9a2f64c8c937bf650627ad0d
local     mysqlvolume
local     wordpress_wordpress_db_volume
  6. コンテナの停止と破棄
    7. ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~/wordpress$ docker-compose down
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/paramiko/transport.py:33: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
Stopping wordpress_wordpress_app_1 ... done
Stopping wordpress_wordpress_db_1  ... done
Removing wordpress_wordpress_app_1 ... done
Removing wordpress_wordpress_db_1  ... done
Removing network wordpress_wordpressnet
ubuntu@ip-172-30-2-68:~/wordpress$ docker-compose ps
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/paramiko/transport.py:33: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.
  from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
Name   Command   State   Ports
------------------------------